The Menologion of Basil II (976-1025) exemplifies the first systematic association of saints with specific locations. He became known as the Bulgar-Slayer ( Bulgaroktonos) for his exploits in conquering ancient Bulgaria, sweet revenge for his infamous defeat at Trajan ’s Gate. There seemed to be a lack of the razzmatazz that one would expect from an emperor - no lavish parties, fine robes or flashy rings; even when he did wear the purple robes of his office, they were of a duller shade than they might have been. The known ones start from the reestablishment of orthodoxy and reach its height during the reigns of Basil I … autokrator of the earth and senior emperor. Basil’s immediate problem on gaining the throne was to quash a rebellion led by the aristocrat Bardas Skleros, a general who was keen to continue in the privileged position he had enjoyed under previous emperors. As maphrian, Iyawannis assumed the name Baselios Matthew II. Web. Dane z jego strony opisu znajdują się poniżej. εὐχαῖς ἀμείβου τὰς ἐμὰς στρατηγίας. Building Heroons is a very old practice which dates from ancient Greece and Rome. Cartwright, M. (2017, November 09). Death: December 15, 1025 (67) Constantinople. In 1204 his tomb was desecrated and plundered by the crusaders. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. from when the King of Heavens called me Unfortunately, Basil’s successors would squander their inheritance within a generation or two. During Basil's reign, Byzantine political authority extended from southern Italy to the Euphrates. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. These qualities, along with his dour nature, abruptness, and quick temper, combined with a complete lack of trust in anyone, unsurprisingly, did not foster much love and admiration from his subjects. Basil II was to be buried in a sarcophagus in the ‘Church of the Holy Apostles’ in Constantinople, but he had earlier asked to be buried in a simpler tomb, in the ‘Church of St. John the Theologian’ at the ‘Hebdomon Palace’ complex, located away from the city. Basil II (Greek: Βασίλειος Β΄, Basileios II; 958 – 15 December 1025) was a Byzantine Emperor from the Macedonian dynasty who reigned from 10 January 976 to 15 December 1025. The emperor would have to wait 28 years to gain his revenge, although when it came it would be total. It brought Bulgaria within the Byzantine political sphere. For nobody saw my spear at rest, The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. Yet the … The Empress Theophano, wife of Romanos, acted as their regent and married the general Nikephoros Phokas, who became Emperor Nikephoras II. The long reign of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II (976–1025) saw continuous warfare in both East (against the Arabs) and West (against the Bulgarians). 1 Overview 1.1 Byzantine Empire 1.2 Basil II 1.2.1 Dawn of Man 2 Unique Attributes 3 Mod Support 4 Full Credits List Existing for more than 1,000 years, the Byzantine Empire, centered in the … Epitaph of Basil II on his sarcophagus at the church of San Juan Evangelist in Hebdomon as recorded in late eastern Roman manuscripts: Others of the old kings An old man in the holy land, But I, Basil, a … settling countless trophies all over the earth. The unpleasant memory of Trajan’s Gate was finally erased. Basil II, who ruled four generations after the first Basil (the Macedonian), is commemorated on many streets in Greek cities as ‘Voulgaroktonos’ (Bulgar-slayer). Monasticism, that is individuals devoting themselves to an ascetic... Pilgrimage in the Byzantine Empire involved the Christian faithful... Trade and commerce were essential components of the success and... Fourteen Byzantine Rulers: The Chronographia of Michael Psellus. A true soldier-emperor, Basil led most of these campaigns himself, something reflected in his epitaph. Both these groups were expanding their landed interests at the expense of the poorer peasantry, either by purchase or conquest. There were two mausoleums - Heroons - at the Church of the Holy Apostles. guarding the children of New Rome Basil II died in December of 1025 AD. In 2015 Archaeologist Nikolay Ovcharov found a gold coin (tetarteron) with the images of Byzantine Emperor Basil II and his brother and successor Emperor Constatine VIII. Basil presided over a Byzantium which was the superpower of the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East in the century before the Crusades. and as far as the very frontiers of the East (Eos), He kept taxes low - allowing payment in kind instead of the usual gold, allowed certain provinces to remain under local, princely rule, gave certain nobles high office within the empire, and permitted the Bulgarian Church to remain independent from Constantinople with the only proviso that Basil select the archbishop. The Persians and Scythians (Bulgars) bear witness to this, Plik Histamenon of Basil II and Constantino VIII, 977–989(? She explains how the extant sources make unmasking the political realities of this period so difficult, and demonstrates that a convincing picture of Basil's reign only emerges when these sources are understood in their original contexts. Birth and childhood In his typical style, he requested to be buried in a small tomb outside of Constantinople. He crushed rebellions, subdued the feudal landowners, conquered the enemies of the Empire, notably in the Danubian provinces and the East. Byzantine Emperor. Basil, born in 958 CE, was the son of Emperor Romanos II of the Macedonian Dynasty, and when his father died, Basil, aged just five, and his younger brother Constantine jointly inherited the throne. but remaining vigilant through the whole span of my life reward it with prayers in return for my campaigns. BASIL II (1415 – 1462), grand prince of Moscow from 1425 to 1462 (with intervals).. here is Basil II's epitaph " Verses funereal on the tomb of lord Basil the Bulgar-slayer and emperor . and I sabbatize from the endless toils The emperor, remembering his defeat to Samuel, carried the Byzantine tradition of mutilating the enemy to the extreme and blinded his captives, sending them back to their leader in groups of 100, each led by a one-eyed guide. Basil prevailed, despite some initial defeats to Skleros in Asia Minor, and was greatly helped by his namesake chief administrator, the gifted eunuch Basil Lecapenus, the parakoimomenos (emperor’s chamberlain). This was the greatest treasury reserve in Byzantium since the reign of the sixth century Emperor Anastasius, a time when Byzantium still held the rich provinces of Syria and Egypt. The family of Michael III were Anatolians fro… This colossus of Byzantine history is the subject of a biography in the Chronographia of the 11th-century CE Byzantine historian Michael Psellos. The history of the earliest mosaics is unknown as many of them were destroyed or covered during Iconoclasm. There WAS a lack of the razzmatazz that one would expect from an emperor - no lavish parties, fine robes or flashy rings. Basil Lekapenos, also called Basil the Parakoimomenos or Basil the Nothos, was an illegitimate child of the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos. Basil II (aka Basilius II) was the emperor of the Byzantine empire from 976 to 1025 CE. There was a price for the assistance from Kiev, and it came in the form of Basil promising that his sister Anna would marry Vladimir, on condition that the latter agreed to be baptised. There were other matters to attend to besides Samuel the Bulgar. More importantly for the state, the larger landowners often avoided tax or were simply given exemptions. A true soldier-emperor, Basil led most of these campaigns himself, something reflected in his epitaph. He ascended the throne when he was 18-years-old and died 49 years later. His complete subjugation of the Bulgarian state earned him the epithet "Bulgar-Slayer" by later generations. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Basil was born in 958 AD to Emperor Romanos II and his second wife, Theophano. Byzantine Empire or the East Roman Empire from Constantine the Great... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The reign of Emperor Basil II is usually considered the high-water mark of medieval Byzantium. This is the first book-length study in English of the Byzantine emperor Basil II, the "Bulgar-slayer." Basil II reigned for a long time, from 976 to 1025. στίχοι ἐπιτάφιοι εἰς τὸν τάφον κυροῦ Βασιλείου τοῦ Βουλγαροκτόνου καὶ βασιλέως. G.& N. … Ancient History Encyclopedia, 09 Nov 2017. Place of Burial: Byzantine Empire. Fig. and along with them the Abasgian, Ishmael, the Arab, the Iberian. With a tight hold on Byzantine purse strings and a private army of giant Vikings, Basil got the better of at least two significant usurpers for his throne, reconquered Greece and all of the Balkans, won victories in Syria and doubled the size of the empire. Basil kept on campaigning to the end, with more successful adventures in Georgian Iberia and Armenia in 1021-22 CE, where he captured Vaspurkan. To make sure that both of his sons were treated equally, Romanos crowned Basil and his brother Constantine VIII co-emperors of … —Inscription on the tomb of Basil II. Basil was the son of Emperor Romanos II and Empress Theophano, whose maternal family was of Laconian Greek origin from the Peloponnesian region of Laconia, possibly from the city of Sparta. The maphrianate of the East was administered by Matthew until his death in September 1727. καὶ νῦν ὁρῶν, ἄνθρωπε, τόνδε τὸν τάφον Pages in category "Basil II" The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. Special Black Friday deal! His complete subjugation of the Bulgarian state earned him the epithet "Bulgar-Slayer" by later generations. In 1014 CE Basil finally won a great and decisive victory against the Bulgars at, appropriately enough, another mountain pass, this time at Kleidion in the Belasica Mountains. Cartwright, Mark. It marked the high water point in the medieval history of Byzantium. Basil II's reign is significant in many different respects. A true soldier-emperor, Basil led most of these campaigns himself, something reflected in his epitaph. When Tzimiskes died of illness in 976 CE, Basil took his rightful place on the throne of the Byzantine Empire. Emmanuel Moutafov. Basil II in Triumphby Unknown Artist (Public Domain). Last modified November 09, 2017. The emperor was relentless, and after years of campaigns in both summer and winter, he won back Greece for Byzantium (997 CE), and then Pliska (1000 CE), Skopje (1004 CE) and Dyracchion (c. 1005 CE), amongst many other cities. The lot of ordinary folk in Constantinople must have been pleasant enough. Basil II (958 – December 15, 1025), was a Byzantine emperor from the Macedonian dynasty from January 10, 976 to December 15, 1025. With all of his conquests, in Greece, the Balkans, Syria, Mesopotamia, Italy, and Bulgaria, he doubled the size of the Byzantine Empire. It is an extension of the regulations for minimum capital requirements as defined under Basel I. His approach to warfare is here described by the historian J. J. Norwich: Success for Basil depended on faultless organisation. It was not a happy marriage, and Theophano conspired to murder her husband in his bed in December 969 CE. which I accepted in battles, and which I endured. and along with them Abasgos, Ismael, Araps, Iber. Under his reign, the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest height in nearly five centuries. Verses funereal on the tomb of lord (kyr) Basil the Bulgar-slayer and emperor (basileus). Unfortunately, Basil’s empire wouldn’t last. The Varangian Guard: Berserkers of the Byzantine Empire 3. Biography. The horrors and mass slaughters that many monarchs around the world perpetrated in ancient and more modern times may be eclipsed by the Byzantines, including Byzantine Emperor Basil II, known as Slayer of the Bulgars. Other kings of old, other burial places for themselves ordained, But I, Basil, born to the purple, place my tomb on the site of Hebdomon and I sabbatize from the endless toils which I accepted in battles, and which I endured. The new tax plan, known as the allelengyon, met with robust opposition, was not successful and was abandoned by Romanos III in 1028 CE. Over 15,000 of the enemy army were captured. gr. Epitaph on the tomb of Basil II. These mosaics depicted Virgin Mary, Jesus, saints and emperors or empresses. And now, good man, looking upon this tomb. Basil II. Basil Lekapenos, also called Basil the Parakoimomenos or Basil the Nothos, was an illegitimate child of the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos. Basil II, Bulgaroktonos & Constantine VIII 976-1025, AV histamenon nomisma (4,38 g). He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the Publishing Director at AHE. Both Antioch and Aleppo in Syria had to be protected from Arab rule and especially the increasingly ambitious Fatimids. Obverse: Inscription: IhSXRSREXREGNANTIhM. Epitaph on the tomb of Basil II The long reign of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II (976–1025) saw continuous warfare in both East (against the Arabs) and West (against the Bulgarians). Actually I've read in a book about Basil's II tomb.It was mentioned that his skeleton was founded by some Michael Palaiologu's soldiers (reconquer of Constantinopole) upright into the tomb hanging a fervidly.The tomb was into a church in the seventh hill of the city.The Emperor was informed immediately and he ordered to put the skeleton into a new preened coffin .The day before he entered Constantinopole, he slept next to the coffin.After that Basil … Basil II is generally considered to be one of the greatest Emperors of Byzantium and has been glorified as the Bulgar-Slayer for his military victories over the Bulgarians. Epitaph of Basil II on his sarcophagus at the church of San Juan Evangelist in Hebdomon as recorded in late eastern Roman manuscripts: Others of the old kings An old man in the holy land, But I, Basil, a … The Empress Theophano, wife of Romanos, acted as their regent and married the general Nikephoros Phokas, who became Emperor Nikephoras II. when I marched bravely to the West (Hesperia), The Prophet had discovered the Divine Source, an object that granted immortality, and leverage… Basil, born in 958 CE, was the son of Emperor Romanos II of the Macedonian dynasty, and when his father died, Basil, aged just five, and his younger brother Constantine jointly inherited the throne. Basil II, byname Basil Bulgaroctonus (Greek: Basil, Slayer of the Bulgars), (born 957/958—died Dec. 15, 1025), Byzantine emperor (976–1025), who extended imperial rule in the Balkans (notably Bulgaria), Mesopotamia, Georgia, and Armenia and increased his domestic authority by attacking the powerful landed interests of the military aristocracy and of the church. The long reign of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II (976-1025) saw continuous warfare in both East (against the Arabs) and West (against the Bulgarians). 3 Women at the Tomb, ivory plaque from Rome, London, British Museum, c. 380-450. He had almost doubled the empire which now "stretched from Crete to the Crimea, and from the Straits of Messina and the River Danube to the Araxes, Euphrates, and Orontes rivers" (Mango, 80) or, to put it another way, Byzantium was now "a superpower on two continents" (ibid, 176). Under his reign, the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest height in nearly five centuries. Immediate Family: Son of Romanos II, Byzantine Emperor and Theophano. Epitaph on the tomb of Basil II The long reign of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II (976–1025) saw continuous warfare in both East (against the Arabs) and West (against the Bulgarians). Basil proved more generous with his new subjects than their army. His paternal ancestry is of uncertain origins, his putative ancestor Basil I, the founder of the dynasty, being variously attributed as Armenian, Slavic, or Greek. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Cartwright, Mark. The rebel army was routed, and three commanders were each given a uniquely tailored death: hanged, crucified, and impaled. His final resting place carried the following inscription: From the day that the King of Heaven called upon me to become the Emperor, the great overlord of the world, no one saw my spear lie idle. I stayed alert throughout my life and protected the children of the New Rome, valiantly campaigning both in the West and at the outposts of the East…O, man, seeing now my tomb here, reward me for my campaigns with your prayers. Adoration of the Magi (Menologion of Basil II) page.jpg 1,828 × 2,389; 554 KB Adoration of the Magi (Menologion of Basil II).jpg 1,204 × 832; 592 KB Agapitus the Confessor and Wonder-worker, Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia.jpeg 1,515 × 1,699; 809 KB The reign of Emperor Basil II is usually considered the high-water mark of medieval Byzantium. Under his reign, the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest height since Justinian the Great . place my tomb on the site of Hebdomon Another strategy to further centralise power was to permit payment instead of military service in the provinces, greatly reducing the manpower of local leaders. The army must act as a single, perfectly coordinated body. His territories stretched even into Mesopotamia and were consolidated by dividing the conquered regions into new provinces of the empire. Sofia, 07.10.2014. Basel II is the second set of international banking regulations defined by the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision (BCBS). [4] A fuller consideration of this epitaph, and the sarcophagus, can now be found at P. Stephenson, 'The tomb of Basil II', in: Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie. The Empress Theophano, wife of Romanos, acted as their regent and married the general Nikephoros Phokas, who became Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas. reward my campaigns with prayers. The archeaologists also unearthed an 11 th century lead seal. [4] A fuller consideration of this epitaph, and the sarcophagus, can now be found at P. Stephenson, 'The tomb of Basil II', in: Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie. Asdracha, Inscr. Basil II, third son and successor to Basil I (two elder sons of the latter died in childhood), ascended the Muscovite throne at the age of ten. After some limited resistance led by Samuel’s sons, ultimately, the Bulgar lands were incorporated into the blossoming Byzantine Empire, and Basil marched victorious into Serdica in 1018 CE. Basil II then had to foil another coup, this time involving his disloyal and corrupt chamberlain, which attempted to make Bardas Phokas, an aristocratic clan leader, emperor. Basil the eunuch was exiled in 985 CE. Basil’s first and worst military expedition was in August 986 CE when he suffered a resounding loss to the forces of Samuel of Bulgaria (r. 976-1014 CE) in a narrow Bulgarian mountain pass known as Trajan’s Gate. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing.! 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